Introduction
This little project will demonstrate how you can use your old NEC IR protocol based TV,DVD or VCR remote control to control you home appliances like fan bulb or virtually anything.
Consumer IR protocols
There are a number of consumer Infrared protocols out there and they have been used for every single purpose possible i guess, like PDA laptops and other consumer appliances. RC-5 & RC-6 by Phillips , RCA are few examples of consumer IR protocols.
In this demonstration we will stick the to NEC protocol by NECÂ corporation,
- A 9ms leading pulse burst (16 times the pulse burst length used for a logical data bit)
- A 4.5ms space
- The 8-bit address for the receiving device
- The 8-bit logical inverse of the address
- The 8-bit command
- The 8-bit logical inverse of the command
- Final 562.5µs pulse burst to show end of message transmission.
Bit Timing
- Logical '0' – a 562.5µs pulse burst followed by a 562.5µs space, with a total transmit time of 1.125ms
- Logical '1' – a 562.5µs pulse burst followed by a 1.6875ms space, with a total transmit time of 2.25
The transmission of 0 and 1 is shown in the image blow
There are  four bytes of data bits are being sended in  least significant bit first order the figure blow shows the format of an NEC IR transmission frame, for a command of 0xB1 (10110001b) and an address of 0x8D (10001101b) .
16 bits for the address (address + inverse) require 27ms to transmit time .and the 16 bits for the command (command + inverse) also require 27ms to transmit time. because (address + address inverse) or (command+command inverse) will always contain 8 '0's  and 8 '1's so (8 * 1.125ms) + (8 * 2.25ms) == 27 ms . according to this total time required to transmit the frame is (9ms +4.5ms +27ms+27ms) = 67.5 ms.
Verify with Oscilloscope and logic analyser
the image  give blow is take by Rigol DS1052E Oscilloscope 
Logic Analyser shows the timing details T1 leading pulse at 84.115ms T2  space on 93.28ms T3 Address starts at 97.580ms T4 Address ends , address inverse starts 107.670ms T5 address inverse ends , command starts at 124.486ms T6 Command ends, command inverse starts 135.696ms T7 Command inverse ends and last 562.5µs pulse to show end of transmission
Extended NEC protocol (not used in this demonstration)
The NEC protocol is so widely used that soon all possible addresses were used up. By sacrificing the address redundancy the address range was extended from 256 possible values to approximately 65000 different values. This way the address range was extended from 8 bits to 16 bits without changing any other property of the protocol. The command redundancy is still preserved. Therefore each address can still handle 256 different commands.in extended protocol instead of sending address and address inverse we send address low and address high as shown in the image blow.
Repeat Codes If the key on the remote controller is kept depressed, a repeat code will be issued, typically around 40ms after the pulse burst that signified the end of the message. A repeat code will continue to be sent out at 108ms intervals, until the key is finally released. The repeat code consists of the following, in order:
A 9ms leading pulse burst
A 2.25ms space
A 562.5µs pulse burst to mark the end of the space (and hence end of the transmitted repeat code).
the figures give blow show the timing of repeat codes
if user keeps the key depressed the repeat codes keep coming
T8 shows the timing of repeat code
Decoding NEC Protocol with microcontroller
Decoding NEC is really easy ,there are certainly various methods to do, some examples i have see n used polling method in which the firmware keep polling the input pin of microcontroller which connects to IR sensor , other method is to user interrupt ,in this demonstration we will be using the interrupt method as this one is better, we will be using interrupt on change.
Schematic  :
SOFTWARE
GitHub Repo
PROTOTYPE
