gvfs-set-attribute /path/to/folder metadata::custom-icon file:///path/to/image

Command	Description
cat [filename]	Display file’s contents to the standard output device (usually your monitor).
cd /directorypath	Change to directory.
chmod [options] mode filename	Change a file’s permissions.
chown [options] filename	Change who owns a file.
clear	Clear a command line screen/window for a fresh start.
cp [options] source destination	Copy files and directories.
date [options]	Display or set the system date and time.
df [options]	Display used and available disk space.
du [options]	Show how much space each file takes up.
file [options] filename	Determine what type of data is within a file.
find [pathname] [expression]	Search for files matching a provided pattern.
grep [options] pattern [filesname]	Search files or output for a particular pattern.
kill [options] pid	Stop a process. If the process refuses to stop, use kill -9 pid.
less [options] [filename]	View the contents of a file one page at a time.
ln [options] source [destination]	Create a shortcut.
locate filename	Search a copy of your filesystem for the specified filename.
lpr [options]	Send a print job.
ls [options]	List directory contents.
man [command]	Display the help information for the specified command.
mkdir [options] directory	Create a new directory.
mv [options] source destination	Rename or move file(s) or directories.
passwd [name [password]]	Change the password or allow (for the system administrator) to change any password.
ps [options]	Display a snapshot of the currently running processes.
pwd	Display the pathname for the current directory.
rm [options] directory	Remove (delete) file(s) and/or directories.
rmdir [options] directory	Delete empty directories.
ssh [options] user@machine	Remotely log in to another Linux machine, over the network. Leave an ssh session by typing exit.
su [options] [user [arguments]]	Switch to another user account.
tail [options] [filename]	Display the last n lines of a file (the default is 10).
tar [options] filename	Store and extract files from a tarfile (.tar) or tarball (.tar.gz or .tgz).
top	Displays the resources being used on your system. Press q to exit.
touch filename	Create an empty file with the specified name.
who [options]	Display who is logged on.

 

-sudo permission

Linux Command Quick Reference

The following list describes some of the most useful and popular Linux commands. Consult the man page for each command to learn about additional arguments and details of operation.

adduser userid

Creates a new userid, prompting for necessary information (requires root privileges).

apropos keyword

Searches the manual pages for occurrences of the specified keyword and prints short descriptions from the beginning of matching manual pages.

at time

at -f file time

Executes commands entered via stdin (or, by using the alternative form, the specified file) at the specified time. The time can be specified in a variety of ways; for example, in hour and minute format hh: mm or in hour, minute, month, day, and year format hh: mm mm/ dd/ yy.

atq

Prints descriptions of jobs pending via the at command.

atrm job

Cancels execution of a job scheduled via the at command. Use the atq command to discover the identities of scheduled jobs.

bg

bg jobs

Places the current job (or, by using the alternative form, the specified jobs) in the background, suspending its execution so that a new user prompt appears immediately. Use the jobs command to discover the identities of background jobs.

cal month year

Prints a calendar for the specified month of the specified year.

cat files

Prints the contents of the specified files.

cd

cd directory

Changes the current working directory to the user's home directory or the specified directory.

chgrp group files

chgrp -R group files

Changes the group of the specified files to the specified group. The alternative form of the command operates recursively, changing the group of subdirectories and files beneath a specified directory. The group must be named in the /etc/groups file, maintained by the newgroup command.

chmod mode files

chmod -R mode files

Changes the access mode of the specified files to the specified mode. The alternative form of the command operates recursively, changing the mode of subdirectories and files beneath a specified directory.

chown userid files

chown -R userid files

Changes the owner of the specified files to the specified userid. The alternative form of the command operates recursively, changing the owner of subdirectories and files beneath a specified directory

clear

Clears the terminal screen.

cmp file1 file2

Compares two files, reporting all discrepancies. Similar to the diff command, though the output format differs.

cp file1 file2

cp files directory

cp -R files directory

Copies a file to another file or directory, or copies a subdirectory and all its files to another directory.

date

date date

Displays the current date and time or changes the system date and time to the specified value, of the form MMddhhmmyy or MMddhhmmyyyy.

df

Prints the amount of free disk space on each mounted filesystem.

diff file1 file2

Compares two files, reporting all discrepancies. Similar to the cmp command, though the output format differs.

dmesg

Prints the messages resulting from the most recent system boot.

du

du directories

Prints the amount of disk space used by the current directory (or the specified directories) and its (their) subdirectories.

echo string

echo -n string

Prints the specified text on the standard output stream. The -n option causes omission of the trailing newline character.

fdformat device

Formats the media inserted in the specified floppy disk drive. The command performs a low-level format only; it does not create a filesystem. To create a filesystem, issue the mkfs command after formatting the media.

fdisk device

Edits the partition table of the specified hard disk.

fg

fg jobs

Brings the current job (or the specified jobs) to the foreground.

file files

Determines and prints a description of the type of each specified file.

find path -name pattern -print

Searches the specified path for files with names matching the specified pattern (usually enclosed in single quotes) and prints their names. The find command has many other arguments and functions; see the online documentation.

finger users

Prints descriptions of the specified users.

free

Displays the amount of used and free system memory.

ftp hostname

Opens an FTP connection to the specified host, allowing files to be transferred. The FTP program provides subcommands for accomplishing file transfers; see the online documentation.

grep pattern files

grep -i pattern files

grep -n pattern files

grep -v pattern files

Search the specified files for text matching the specified pattern (usually enclosed in single quotes) and print matching lines. The -i option specifies that matching is performed without regard to case. The -n option specifies that each line of output is preceded by the file name and line number. The -v option reverses the matching, causing non-matched lines to be printed.

gzip files

gunzip files

Compress (or expand) the specified files. Generally, a compressed file has the same name as the original file, followed by . gz.

head files

Prints the first several lines of each specified file.

hostname

hostname name

Displays (or sets) the name of the host.

info

Launches the GNU Texinfo help system.

init run_level

Changes the system run level to the specified value (requires root privileges).

insmod module

Dynamically loads the specified module (requires root privileges).

jobs

Displays all background jobs.

ispell files

Checks the spelling of the contents of the specified files.

kill process_ids

kill - signal process_ids

kill -l

Kills the specified processes, sends the specified processes the specified signal (given as a number or name), or prints a list of available signals.

killall program

killall - signal program

Kills all processes that are instances of the specified program or sends the specified signal to all processes that are instances of the specified program.

ln old new

ln -s old new

Creates a hard (or soft) link associating a new name with an existing file or directory.

locate pattern

Locates files with names containing the specified pattern. Uses the database maintained by the updatedb command.

lpq

Prints the entries of the print queue.

lpr files

Prints the specified files.

lprm job

Cancels printing of the specified print queue entries. Use lpq to determine the contents of the print queue.

ls

ls files

ls -a files

ls -l files

ls -lR files

Lists (non-hidden) files in the current directory or the specified files or directories. The -a option lists hidden files as well has non-hidden files. The -l option causes the list to include descriptive information, such as file size and modification date. The -R option recursively lists the subdirectories of the specified directories.

mail

Launches a simple mail client that permits sending and receiving email messages.

man title

man section title

Prints the specified man page.

mkdir directories

mkdir -p directories

Creates the specified directories. The -p option causes creation of any parent directories needed to create a specified directory.

mkfs -t type device

Creates a file system of the specified type (such as ext2 or msdos) on the specified device (requires root privileges).

mkswap device

Creates a Linux swap space on the specified hard disk partition (requires root privileges).

more file

Lets the user peruse a file too large to be displayed as a single screen (page) of output. The more command provides many subcommands that let the user navigate the file. For example, the Space key moves forward one page, the b key moves back one page, and the q key exits the program.

mount

mount device directory

mount -o option -t type device directory

Prints the mounted devices or mounts the specified device at the specified mount point (generally a subdirectory of /mnt). The mount command consults /etc/fstab to determine standard options associated with a device. The command generally requires root privileges. The -o option allows specification of a variety of options; for example, ro for read-only access. The -t option allows specification of the filesystem type (for example, ext2, msdos, or iso9660, the filesystem type generally used for CD-ROMs).

mv paths target

Moves the specified files or directories to the specified target.

newgroup group

Creates the specified group.

passwd

passwd user

Changes the current user's password, or that of the specified user (requires root privileges). The command prompts for the new password.

ping host

Sends an echo request via TCP/IP to the specified host. A response confirms that the host is operational.

pr files

Formats the specified files for printing, by inserting page breaks and so on. The command provides many arguments and functions.

ps

ps -Aux

Displays the processes associated with the current userid or displays a description of each process.

pwd

Prints the absolute path corresponding to the current working directory.

reboot

Reboots the system (requires root privileges).

reset

Clears the terminal screen and resets the terminal status.

rm files

rm -i files

rm -f files

rm -if files

rm -rf files

Deletes the specified files or (when the -r option is specified) recursively deletes all subdirectories of the specified files and directories. The -i option causes the command to prompt for confirmation; the -f option suppresses confirmation. Because deleted files cannot generally be recovered, the -f option should be used only with extreme care, particularly when used by the root user.

rmdir directories

rmdir -p directories

Deletes the specified empty directories or (when the -p option is specified) the empty directories along the specified path.

shutdown minutes

shutdown -r minutes

Shuts down the system after the specified number of minutes elapses (requires root privileges). The -r option causes the system to be rebooted once it has shut down.

sleep time

Causes the command interpreter to pause for the specified number of seconds.

sort files

Sorts the specified files. The command has many useful arguments; see the online documentation.

split file

Splits a file into several smaller files. The command has many arguments; see the online documentation.

su

su user

su -

su - user

Changes the current userid to root or to the specified userid (the latter requires root privileges). The - option establishes a default environment for the new userid.

swapon device

Enables use of the specified device for swapping (requires root privileges).

swapoff device

Disables use of the specified device for swapping (requires root privileges).

sync

Completes all pending input/output operations (requires root privileges).

tail file

tail - n file

tail -f file

Prints the last several lines of the specified files. The -n option specifies the number of lines to be printed. The -f option causes the command to continuously print additional lines as they are written to the file.

talk user

Launches a program that allows a chat-like dialog with the specified user.

tar cvf tar_file files

tar zcvf tar_file files

Creates a tar file with the specified name, containing the specified files and their subdirectories. The z option specified that the tar file will be compressed.

tar xvf tar_file

tar zxvf tar_file

Extracts the contents of the specified tar file. The z option specified that the tar file has been compressed.

telnet host

Opens a login session on the specified host.

top

Prints a display of system processes that's continually updated until the user presses the q key.

traceroute host

Uses echo requests to determine and print a network path to the host.

umount device

Unmounts the specified filesystem (generally requires root privileges).

uptime

Prints the system uptime.

w

Prints the current system users.

wall

Prints a message to each user except those who've disabled message reception. Type Ctrl-D to end the message.

wc files

Prints the number of characters, words, and lines in the specified files.

Table E.1 identifies Linux commands that perform functions similar to MS-DOS commands. The operation of the Linux command is not generally identical to that of the corresponding MS-DOS command. See the index to this book or the Linux online documentation for further information about Linux commands.

 

Table E.1: MS-DOS Commands and Related Linux Commands

MS-DOS	Linux
ATTRIB	chmod
CD	cd
CHKDSK	df, du
DELTREE	rm -R
DIR	ls -l
DOSKEY	(built-in; no need to launch separately)
EDIT	ae, vi, and so on
EXTRACT	tar
FC	cmp, diff
FDISK	fdisk
FIND	grep
FORMAT	fdformat
MORE	more
MOVE	mv
SORT	sort
START	at, bg
XCOPY, XCOPY32	cp

 

Command	Description
a2p	Creates a Perl script from an awk script.
ac	Prints statistics about users' connect time.
access	Checks real user's permissions for a file.
agrep	Version of the grep utility which also matches approximate patterns.
alias	Create a name for another command or long command string.
apropos	Searches the manual pages for a keyword or regular expression.
apt-cache	Queries the APT software package cache.
apt-get	Command line tool for working with APT software packages.
aptitude	Text-based front-end for the APT package management system.
ar	Maintain portable archive or library.
arch	Display the architecture of the current host.
arp	Manipulate the system ARP cache.
as	An assembler.
aspell	Interactive spell checker.
at	Command scheduler.
awk	Awk script processing program.
basename	Deletes any specified prefix from a string.
bash	Command Bourne interpreter
bc	Calculator.
bdiff	Compare large files.
bfs	Editor for large files.
bg	Continues a program running in the background.
biff	Enable and disable incoming mail notifications.
break	Break out of while, for, foreach, or until loop.
bs	Battleship game.
bye	Alias often used for the exit command.
cal	Calendar.
calendar	Display appointments and reminders.
cancel	Cancels a print job.
cat	View or modify a file.
cc	C compiler.
cd	Change directory.
chdir	Change directory.
checkeq	Language processors to assist in describing equations.
checknr	Check nroff and troff files for any errors.
chfn	Modify your own information or if super user or root modify another users information.
chgrp	Change a groups access to a file or directory.
chkey	Change the secure RPC key pair.
chmod	Change the permission of a file.
chown	Change the ownership of a file.
chroot	Run a command or shell from another directory, and treats that directory as root.
chsh	Change login shell.
cksum	Display and calculate a CRC for files.
clear	Clears screen.
cls	Alias often used to clear a screen.
cmp	Compare files.
col	Reverse line-feeds filter.
comm	Compare files and select or reject lines that are common.
compress	Compress files on a computer.
continue	Break out of while, for, foreach, or until loop.
copy	Copy files.
cp	Copy files.
cpio	Creates archived CPIO files.
crontab	Create and list files that you wish to run on a regular schedule.
crypt	Function used to encrypt passwords.
csh	Execute the C shell command interpreter
csplit	Split files based on context.
ctags	Create a tag file for use with ex and vi.
cu	Calls or connects to another Unix system, terminal or non-Unix system.
curl	Transfer a URL.
cut	Cut out selected fields of each line of a file.
date	Tells you the date and time in Unix.
dc	An arbitrary precision arithmetic package.
dd	Convert and copy a file.
df	Display the available disk space for each mount.
depmod	Generates a list of kernel module dependences, modules.dep, and associated map files.
deroff	Removes nroff/troff, tbl, and eqn constructs.
dhclient	Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client.
diff	Displays two files and prints the lines that are different.
dig	DNS lookup utility.
dircmp	Lists the different files when comparing directories.
dirname	Deliver portions of path names.
dmesg	Print or control the kernel ring buffer.
dos2unix	Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.
dpkg	Queries, installs, removes, and maintains Debian software packages and their dependencies.
dpost	Translates files created by troff into PostScript.
du	Tells you how much space a file occupies.
echo	Displays text after echo to the terminal.
ed	Line oriented file editor.
edit	Text editor.
egrep	Search a file for a pattern using full regular expressions.
eject	Ejects removable media.
elm	Program command used to send and receive e-mail.
emacs	Text editor.
enable	Enables and disables LP printers.
env	Displays environment variables.
eqn	Language processors to assist in describing equations.
ex	Line-editor mode of the vi text editor.
exit	Exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
expand	Expand copies of file s.
expr	Evaluate arguments as an expression.
fc	The FC utility lists or edits and re-executes, commands previously entered to an interactive sh.
fg	Continues a stopped job by running it in the foreground
fgrep	Search a file for a fixed-character string.
file	Tells you if the object you are looking at is a file or if it is a directory.
find	Finds one or more files assuming that you know their approximate filenames.
findsmb	List info about machines that respond to SMB name queries on a subnet.
finger	Lists information about the user.
fmt	Simple text formatters.
fold	Filter for folding lines.
for	Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
foreach	Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
free	Display amount of free and used memory in the system
fromdos	Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.
fsck	Check and repair a Linux file system.
ftp	Enables ftp access to another terminal.
fuser	Identify processes using files or sockets.
gawk	Powerful pattern-matching and processing language.
getfacl	Display discretionary file information.
gethostname	System call to get the hostname of the current processor.
gpasswd	Administer /etc/group and /etc/gshadow.
gprof	The gprof utility produces an execution profile of a program.
grep	Finds text within a file.
groupadd	Creates a new group account.
groupdel	Enables a super user or root to remove a group.
groupmod	Enables a super user or root to modify a group.
gunzip	Expand compressed files.
gview	A programmers text editor.
gvim	A programmers text editor.
gzip	Compress files.
halt	Stop the computer.
hash	Remove internal hash table.
hashstat	Display the hash stats.
head	Displays the first ten lines of a file, unless otherwise stated.
help	If computer has online help documentation installed this command will display it.
history	Display the history of commands typed.
host	DNS lookup utility.
hostid	Prints the numeric identifier for the current host.
hostname	Set or print name of current host system.
id	Shows you the numeric user and group ID on BSD.
ifconfig	Sets up network interfaces.
ifdown	Take a network interface down.
ifup	Bring a network interface up.
info	Read Info documents.
init	Process control initialization.
iostat	Reports Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices and partitions.
ip	Show and manipulate routing, devices, policy routing and tunnels.
isalist	Display the native instruction sets executable on this platform.
iwconfig	Configure a wireless network interface.
jobs	List the jobs currently running in the background.
join	Joins command forms together.
keylogin	Decrypt the user's secret key.
kill	Cancels a job.
killall	Kills processes by name.
ksh	Korn shell command interpreter.
ld	Link-editor for object files.
ldd	List dynamic dependencies of executable files or shared objects.
less	Opposite of the more command.
lex	Generate programs for lexical tasks.
link	Calls the link function to create a link to a file.
ln	Creates a link to a file.
lo	Allows you to exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
locate	List files in databases that match a pattern.
login	Signs into a new system.
logname	Returns users login name.
logout	Logs out of a system.
losetup	Sets up and controls loop devices.
lp	Prints a file on System V systems.
lpadmin	Configure the LP print service.
lpc	Line printer control program.
lpq	Lists the status of all the available printers.
lpr	Submits print requests.
lprm	Removes print requests from the print queue.
lpstat	Lists status of the LP print services.
ls	Lists the contents of a directory.
lsof	Lists open files.
lzcat	View compressed .lzma files.
lzma	Compress files to .lzma file.
mach	Display the processor of the current host.
mail	One of the ways that allows you to read/send E-Mail.
mailcompat	Provide SunOS 4.x compatibility for the Solaris mailbox format.
mailx	Mail interactive message processing system.
make	Executes a list of shell commands associated with each target.
man	Display a manual of a command.
mesg	Control if non-root users can send text messages to you.
mii-tool	View, manipulate media-independent interface status.
mkdir	Create a directory.
mkfs	Build a Linux file system, usually a hard disk partition.
modprobe	Adds and removes modules from the linux kernel.
more	Displays text one screen at a time.
mount	Creates a file systems and remote resources.
mt	Magnetic tape control.
mv	Renames a file or moves it from one directory to another directory.
nc	TCP/IP swiss army knife.
neqn	Language processors to assist in describing equations.
netstat	Shows network status.
newalias	Install new elm aliases for user or system.
newform	Change the format of a text file.
newgrp	Log into a new group.
nice	Invokes a command with an altered scheduling priority.
niscat	Display NIS+ tables and objects.
nischmod	Change access rights on a NIS+ object.
nischown	Change the owner of a NIS+ object.
nischttl	Change the time to live value of a NIS+ object.
nisdefaults	Display NIS+ default values.
nisgrep	Utilities for searching NIS+ tables.
nismatch	Utilities for searching NIS+ tables.
nispasswd	Change NIS+ password information.
nistbladm	NIS+ table administration command.
nl	Get the numbers the lines in a file.
nmap	Network exploration tool and security port scanner.
nohup	Runs a command even if the session is disconnected or the user logs out.
nroff	Formats documents for display or line-printer.
nslookup	Queries a name server for a host or domain lookup.
od	Dump files in octal and other formats.
on	Execute a command on a remote system, but with the local environment.
onintr	Shell built-in functions to respond to (hardware) signals.
optisa	Determine which variant instruction set is optimal to use.
pack	Shrinks file into a compressed file.
pagesize	Display the size of a page of memory in bytes, as returned by getpagesize.
passwd	Allows you to change your password.
paste	Merge corresponding or subsequent lines of files.
pax	Read/write and writes lists of the members of archive files and copy directory hierarchies.
pcat	Compresses file.
perl	Perl is a programming language optimized for scanning arbitrary text files, extracting information from those text files.
pg	Files perusal filters for CRTs.
pgrep	Examine the active processes on the system and reports the process IDs of the processes
pico	Simple and very easy to use text editor in the style of the Pine Composer.
pine	Command line program for Internet News and Email.
ping	Sends ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.
pkill	Examine the active processes on the system and reports the process IDs of the processes
poweroff	Stop the computer.
pr	Formats a file to make it look better when printed.
priocntl	Display's or set scheduling parameters of specified process(es)
printenv	Prints all or part of environment.
printf	Write formatted output.
ps	Reports the process status.
pstree	Displays processes in tree format.
pvs	Display the internal version information of dynamic objects within an ELF file.
pwd	Print the current working directory.
quit	Allows you to exit from a program, shell or log you out of a Unix network.
rcp	Copies files from one computer to another computer.
readlink	Prints the value of a symbolic link or canonical file name.
reboot	Stop the computer.
red	Line oriented file editor.
rehash	Recomputes the internal hash table of the contents of directories listed in the path.
remsh	Runs a command on another computer.
renice	Alters the priority of running processes.
repeat	Shell built-in functions to repeatedly execute action(s) for a selected number of times.
replace	A string-replacement utility.
rgview	A programmers text editor.
rgvim	A programmers text editor.
rlogin	Establish a remote connection from your terminal to a remote machine.
rm	Deletes a file without confirmation (by default).
rmail	One of the ways that allows you to read/send E-Mail.
rmdir	Deletes a directory.
rn	Reads newsgroups.
route	Show and manipulate the IP routing table.
rpcinfo	Report RPC information.
rsh	Runs a command on another computer.
rsync	Faster, flexible replacement for rcp.
rview	A programmers text editor.
rvim	A programmers text editor.
s2p	Convert a sed script into a Perl script.
sag	Graphically displays the system activity data stored in a binary data file by a previous sar run.
sar	Displays the activity for the CPU.
screen	Screen manager with VT100/ANSI terminal emulation.
script	Records everything printed on your screen.
sdiff	Compares two files, side-by-side.
sed	Allows you to use pre-recorded commands to make changes to text.
sendmail	Sends mail over the Internet.
service	Runs a System V init script.
set	Set the value of an environment variable.
setenv	Set the value of an environment variable.
setfacl	Modify the Access Control List (ACL) for a file or files.
sethostname	System calls or set the hostname of the current processor.
settime	Change file access and modification time.
sftp	Secure file transfer program.
sh	Runs or processes jobs through the Bourne shell.
shred	Delete a file securely, first overwriting it to hide its contents.
shutdown	Turn off the computer immediately or at a specified time.
sleep	Waits a x amount of seconds.
slogin	OpenSSH SSH client (remote login program).
smbclient	An ftp-like client to access SMB/CIFS resources on servers.
sort	Sorts the lines in a text file.
spell	Looks through a text file and reports any words that it finds in the text file that are not in the dictionary.
split	Split a file into pieces.
stat	Display file or filesystem status.
stop	Control process execution.
strftime	Formats strings that represent the system date and time.
strip	Discard symbols from object files.
stty	Sets options for your terminal.
su	Become super user or another user.
sysinfo	Get and set system information strings.
sysklogd	Linux system logging utilities.
tabs	Set tabs on a terminal.
tail	Delivers the last part of the file.
talk	Talk with other logged in users.
tac	Concatenate and print files in reverse.
tar	Create tape archives and add or extract files.
tbl	Preprocessor for formatting tables for nroff or troff.
tcopy	Copy a magnetic tape.
tcpdump	Dump traffic on a network.
tee	Read from an input and write to a standard output or file.
telinit	Process control initialization.
telnet	Uses the telnet protocol to connect to another remote computer.
test	Check file types and compare values.
time	Used to time a simple command.
timex	The timex command times a command; reports process data and system activity.
todos	Converts text files between DOS and Unix formats.
top	Display Linux tasks.
touch	Change file access and modification time.
tput	Initialize a terminal or query terminfo database.
tr	Translate characters.
traceroute	Print the route packets take to network host.
troff	Typeset or format documents.
tty	Print the file name of the terminal connected to standard input.
ul	Reads the named filenames or terminal and does underlining.
umask	Get or set the file mode creation mask.
unalias	Remove an alias.
unhash	Remove internal hash table.
uname	Print name of current system.
uncompress	Uncompressed compressed files.
uniq	Report or filter out repeated lines in a file.
unlink	Call the unlink function to remove the specified file.
unlzma	Decompress .lzma file.
unmount	Disconnects a file systems and remote resources.
unpack	Expands a compressed file.
untar	Create tape archives and add or extract files.
until	Execute a set of actions while/until conditions are evaluated TRUE.
unxz	Decompress .xz files.
unzip	List, test and extract compressed files in a ZIP archive.
useradd	Create a new user or updates default new user information.
userdel	Remove a users account.
usermod	Modify a users account.
vacation	Reply to mail automatically.
vedit	Screen-oriented (visual) display editor based on ex.
vgrind	Grind nice program listings
vi	Screen-oriented (visual) display editor based on ex.
vim	A programmers text editor.
view	A programmers text editor.
w	Show who is logged on and what they are doing.
wait	Await process completion.
wall	Send a message to everybody's terminal.
wc	Displays a count of lines, words, and characters in a file
whatis	Displays short manual page descriptions.
whereis	Locate a binary, source, and manual page files for a command.
while	Repetitively execute a set of actions while/until conditions are evaluated TRUE.
which	Locate a command.
who	Displays who is on the system.
whoami	Print effective userid.
whois	Internet user name directory service.
write	Send a message to another user.
X	Execute the X windows system.
xfd	Display all the characters in an X font.
xhost	Server access control program for X.
xlsfonts	Server font list displayer for X.
xset	User preference utility for X.
xterm	Terminal emulator for X.
xrdb	X server resource database utility.
xz	Compress files to .xz files.
xzcat	View compressed .xz files.
yacc	Short for yet another compiler-compiler, yacc is a compiler.
yes	Repeatedly output a line with all specified STRING(s), or 'y'.
yppasswd	Changes network password in the NIS database.
yum	Interactive rpm based package manager.
zcat	Compress files.
zip	Compression and file packaging utility.

__________________________________

NAME

       rename - renames multiple files

SYNOPSIS

       rename [ -v ] [ -n ] [ -f ] perlexpr [ files ]

DESCRIPTION

       "rename" renames the filenames supplied according to the rule specified
       as the first argument.  The perlexpr argument is a Perl expression
       which is expected to modify the $_ string in Perl for at least some of
       the filenames specified.  If a given filename is not modified by the
       expression, it will not be renamed.  If no filenames are given on the
       command line, filenames will be read via standard input.

       For example, to rename all files matching "*.bak" to strip the
       extension, you might say

               rename ’s/.bak$//’ *.bak

       To translate uppercase names to lower, you’d use

               rename ’y/A-Z/a-z/’ *

OPTIONS

       -v, --verbose
               Verbose: print names of files successfully renamed.

       -n, --no-act
               No Action: show what files would have been renamed.

       -f, --force
               Force: overwrite existing files.

________________________________________

Very easily to rename all the files in the current directory you can type (assuming you are using bash):

for i in *; do mv $i 1_$i; done

obviously take it with care (it will remane ALL the files in the current directory that are 'visible' (filename not starting with a '.')

________________________________________
have a question concerning the renamining of multiple files in a folder. For about 200 files I would like to add the String "1_" to the beginning of all filenames. The filenames are for example "DATASET_X_Y_Z" and the result should be "1_DATASET_X_Y_Z". Maybe somebody knows how to do this the easy way. Unfortunately I don't know a thing about Shellscripting but maybe there is a oneliner for the terminal.

• rename 's/^/1_/' * for renaming all files in the current directory

or

• rename 's/^/1_/' DATASET* for renaming all files in the current directory starting with DATASET in their name

Explanation: the expression s/^/1_/ says: "replace the beginning of the filename (that means this symbol -> ^)' with 1_".

________________________________________

I have around 300 files named

some_name_123456789.zip
another-name2_987654321.zip
something(1)_123454321.zip
[2]something_987656789.zip

I need to rename them all to

ds_123456789.zip
ds_987654321.zip
ds_123454321.zip
ds_987656789.zip

How can i do this?

rename "s/.+_/ds/g" files

.+ represents everything up to (in this context) the last underscore (_) character (so this works with multiple underscores, as mentioned in your first example). This requires that there be at least one character before the underscore; if you might have file names like _20131012.zip, use .* instead. So this three-character string (.+_ or .*_) will match everything up to and including the last underscore in the filename. s/old/new/ means substitute the new string (ds) for the old string. The g means global and might not be necessary in this case.

To be sure that the regexp matches from the beginning I would rather put ^ to the beginning. Also OP wanted to retain the underscore. The g option at the end is not really needed here - it would match multiple instances in the file name if possible. So I think this command would perform better: 

rename "s/^.+_/ds_/" files

adding the g is just a standard habit from me and i agree that it's not needed in this case.

_________________________________________________________________________

For files handling in gnome you will have to use the graphical version of vim called gvim, to install it type sudo apt-get install vim-gnome.

Has an option you can create a .desktop file that will be listed on 'Open with other application' tab:

• Navigate to ~/.local/share/applications
• Create a file called vim-console.desktop with these contents:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Vim Text Editor (Console)
Comment=Edit text files in a console using Vim
Exec=gnome-terminal --full-screen --execute bash -c "vim %u"
Terminal=true
Type=Application
Icon=/usr/share/pixmaps/vim.svg
Categories=Application;Utility;TextEditor;
StartupNotify=true
MimeType=text/plain;
NoDisplay=true

After this you will see Vim Text Editor (Console) in your Open with other application tab, select it and when you double click the file you will be able to open it using vim terminal editor.