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Fallo del m贸dulo ABS

Hay un problema muy com煤n con la bomba del ABS que hace que la luz del ABS se ilumine y tambi茅n puede hacer que la bomba del ABS funcione continuamente aunque se cierre el contacto. El problema es causado por una bomba/m贸dulo ABS defectuoso que falla internamente, causando el error y que evita que el sistema ABS funcione correctamente.

Si ha escaneado el veh铆culo en busca de c贸digos de error, notar谩 los c贸digos de error almacenados para la unidad electr贸nica del ABS y la bomba del ABS. Si tiene ambos c贸digos de error almacenados, entonces es muy probable que su bomba/m贸dulo ABS haya fallado.

Una nueva bomba ABS comprada en el distribuidor oficial es muy costosa y requiere una programaci贸n espec铆fica para cada veh铆culo, por lo tanto, los costos de mano de obra tambi茅n son bastante altos al comprar una unidad nueva . La mejor alternativa es reconstruir su propia bomba/m贸dulo ABS del Qashqai : esto ahorrar谩 una fortuna en la propia piez y tambi茅n reducir谩 los costos de mano de obra, ya que no se requerir铆a programaci贸n al volver a instalar en el veh铆culo, es simplemente un simple paso de volver a colocar la unidad y volver a sangrar el l铆quido de frenos (posible con un escaner OBDII).


S铆ntomas comunes del fallo:

• Luz de advertencia del ABS
• Bomba funcionando continuamente (incluso con el contacto apagado)
• Luz de advertencia de control de tracci贸n

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http://benz.ehost.tj/215_220/215/webetm/215/systeminfo/docs/gf42.45-p-3000b.html

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GF42.45-P-3000B

ABS control function

15.10.96

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MODEL 215 with CODE (472a) Electronic stability program (ESP)

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Braking process in normal mode ABS pressure build-up control mode Every ABS control starts with a normal braking process which the driver performs via the brake pedal. The ESP control module recognizes the braking process via the stop lamp switch and decelerated wheel speeds. The brake pressure is built up via the two switchover solenoid valves (y18 and y19) and the solenoid valves (y6, y8, y10 and y12). This pressure build up phase can take place individually at each wheel during the ABS control process. The pressure is reduced via the same solenoid valves during a normal braking process. b Brake pressure
		P42.45-0260-76

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ABS hold pressure control mode The control process or valve positions shown in the example relate to the FR brake. If a wheel tends to lock during the braking process, ABS prevents a further pressure build-up. The ESP control module introduces the hold pressure phase from the slip values of the braked wheels. The hold pressure phase is introduced by actuating the solenoid valve (y8). The solenoid valves (y8 and y9) remain closed in this control phase, with the result that the pressure in the FR brake caliper remains constant. b Brake pressure
		P42.45-0261-76

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ABS pressure reduction control mode The control process or valve positions shown in the example relate to the FR brake. The ESP control module introduces the pressure reduction phase from the slip values of the braked wheels. The pressure reduction phase is introduced by actuating (opening) the solenoid valve (y9). The solenoid valve (y8) remains actuated (closed) in this control phase. During the pressure reduction phase brake fluid flows back into the high-pressure/return pump (p1) via the accumulator (11). From there the high-pressure/return pump in the front axle brake circuit delivers the brake fluid back to the master brake cylinder against the existing pressure. There is a silencer (10) for each brake circuit to damp delivery noise. b Brake pressure e Reduced pressure
		P42.45-0262-76

	ESP control module, location/task/function		GF42.45-P-4500B
	Traction systems hydraulic unit, location/task/design/function		GF42.50-P-4000B

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The anti-lock braking system (ABS) computer, or HCU, is a node on a high-speed vehicle bus. This means that the information can be typically accessed through the OBD-II DLC.

The ABS controller/modulator is the heart of any ABS or ESC system. The modulator gets the brake pressure from the master cylinder. Inside are the valves and solenoids that control the pressures to the wheel. During normal operation, the pressure from the master cylinder goes through the HCU unaltered.

ABS is the foundation of the ESC system. ESC systems add software and sensors like yaw, steering angle and even control of the throttle to keep the vehicle under control.

A basic ABS four-channel system will have eight solenoids (four isolation/four dump), or two for each wheel. Some systems will have more solenoids or valves to isolate the master cylinder from the HCU. ESC systems will typically have 12 or more.

Apply

When the master cylinder applies pressure, it goes directly to the wheel because the outlet/dump solenoid is closed. This is a normal braking event. The unit is in a 鈥減assive鈥� state.

Hold

If the system senses a wheel is locked, the inlet/isolation solenoid is closed to prevent any more pressure from the master from reaching the wheel. The

wheel might start to turn.

Release

If the wheel does not start to turn, the outlet/dump valve will open. This will release or bleed off the hydraulic pressure that is holding the wheel. The wheel will now rotate.

Reapply

Since pressure from the master cylinder has been bled off, the "pump" in the HCU will spool up and apply pressure. The outlet valve is closed and the inlet valve is opened. The pump applies pressure to the wheel.

If the wheel is still outside the wheel slip parameters, the cycle will start over. This happens very quickly. The operation of the solenoids and pump will cause a 鈥渒ick back鈥� or pulsation in the pedal.

HCU鈥圡echanical鈥圥roblems

Mechanical issues with the HCU are rare, but they can happen. Valve seats and pintles can become stuck or not seat properly due to debris, corrosion or contaminated brake fluid.

If the inlet/isolation valve is stuck open, it will not affect normal braking in any way. It will only hurt the ABS system. This could lead to a pulling condition during ABS activation.

If an outlet/dump valve is stuck open in one circuit, this could cause a pull condition during normal braking. This is due to the loss of brake pressure at a wheel. Typically, this is not discovered until brake hoses, calipers and other parts have been replaced.

Testing Solenoids Electrically

Sometimes a stuck or defective solenoid or pump will set a code. A solenoid has a resistance between 2 and 8 ohms. On some units, it is impossible to access the individual solenoids. Testing the unit with a scan tool with bidirectional control might be the best way to confirm the condition of the HCU.

Most vehicles equipped with ESC will have 12 valves or solenoids in the HCU. Eight solenoids control the wheels. Four additional solenoids can block off the master cylinder and allow the pump to send pressure to a specific wheel.

Understeer is a condition where the wheels are turned, but the vehicle continues to travel in a straight line. This is sometimes described as a push.

The ESC computer would see this event through the sensors. The wheel speed sensors in the front typically read slower than in the rear. The computer would also see that the steering angle is greater than the intended path.

The ESC system needs to intervene before the event occurs, and it needs to anticipate the problem and correct as the vehicle travels.

This is what the ESC sees during an understeer event. The SAS angle is at +52潞, this means that the customer has the wheel turned to the right at a significant angle. Even with the steering wheel turned, the yaw and accelerometer read like the vehicle is going straight. The APPS, or throttle pedal position sensor, shows the driver is off the gas and the brake pedal is not pressed.

The deciding information for the system is in the wheel speed sensor inputs. Between the front and rear there is a 6 to 9 mph difference between the front and rear speeds. The front wheels are traveling slower than the rears.

Why Brake Lines Fail During Winter

Winter is when the ABS HCU has to do the most work to make sure the tires have traction during braking and acceleration. When the ABS activates, the pulsing of pressure can create a hydraulic jackhammer. If a line is weak due to internal or external corrosion, the line will rupture and leak.

Rock salt and deicing brines can corrode brake lines. Automakers have tried galvanization, polymer coatings and physical barriers to stop this corrosion, but these surfaces can鈥檛 prevent age and the pecking of road debris from causing corrosion. A hydraulic brake system is only as strong as its weakest connection. Splicing together corroded line does not work in most cases, and replacing just the leaking section will result in a comeback. The best practice is to replace the hard line from the wheel well with an undamaged line. On vehicles with coated line, you must find the area where the coating is still intact.

Another factor influencing brake line replacement is how modern cars are manufactured. In most cases, the brake lines are installed on the unibody, and the subframes for the suspension are fastened to mounting points. Most of these lines are one piece and will go from the HCU or subframe connector to the caliper.

Installing a pre-bent line might be cost prohibitive for the customer because major disassembly is required. One option is to use tubing that can be formed in place. Or, pre-bent tubing can be cut into sections so it can be maneuvered into place without having to remove the subframe. The placement of brake lines is not coincidental.

With ABS-equipped brakes, never take a flare for granted. To seal brake lines against 2,000 psi takes some geometry. The male and female surfaces of the fitting are three to five degrees different between the sealing surfaces. In some cases, the flare is designed to crush or compress onto the surface to form a seal, and the tolerances can stack up quickly against you. An off-center cut combined with a poorly clamped line may look fine to the naked eye, but the connection may leak when it is compressed by the fitting.

If you install new brake lines on a modern ABS-equipped vehicle, you will need a scan tool to bleed the brakes. Air bubbles in the system can occur in the modulator body if the system has lost all its brake fluid. Removing these bubbles may require the use of a scan tool to open up the isolation and dump valves in the modulator.